分詞結構慣用語：不受主詞一致的規則限制
generally speaking 一般說來
Considering以… 而論
strictly speaking 嚴格來說
Judging from 由… 看來
Frankly speaking 坦白地說
Speaking of (=Talking of…) 說到
Broadly speaking 廣義地說
Concerning 關於
Roughly speaking 大略地說
Seeing that 既然
一般說來，女人比男人更有耐心。
Generally speaking, women are more patient than men.
由他的能力判斷，他能夠準時完成工作。
Judging from his abilities, he can finish that work on time.
說到嗜好，我喜歡打網球。
Speaking of hobbies, I like playing tennis.
完成式分詞構句： Having + p.p…, S +V
與簡單分詞構句相同，在副詞子句的主詞與主要子句相同時，
可將副詞子句中的連接詞及主詞去掉，並將第一個動詞改為V-ing：
After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.
Having finished my homework, I went to bed.
由於完成式的型態為"have + p.p."，因此只要將"have/has/had" 改為"having"即可。
而完成式分詞構句中以"having +p.p…."表示的動作，比主要子句中的動作早發生。
否定式分詞構句：Not V-ing …, S+V
Because she didn't know what to do, she asked her teacher for help.
Not knowing what to do, she asked her teacher for help.
否定詞not, never在分詞構句中，要置於分詞之前。
獨立分詞構句
在分詞構句中，若分詞構句的主詞和主要子句的主詞不一致時，
兩個子句的主詞都要保留，此稱為獨立分詞構句。
When the school was over, the students started to go home.
The school being over, the students started to go home.
If the weather permits, we will have a picnic tomorrow.
Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow.
Because he was absent, nothing could be done.
He being absent, nothing could be done.
分詞構句是由副詞子句轉化而來的結構，用來表示時間、原因、條件、讓步及附帶狀況。
例：Because he was a shy student, he dare not ask his teacher questions.
由連接詞because所引導的子句即為副詞子句，後面這句則為主要子句
在副詞子句的主詞與主要子句的主詞相同時，
我們可將副詞子句中的連接詞及主詞去掉，並將動詞改為V-ing，
即為簡單分詞構句。
Being a shy student, he dare not ask his teacher questions.
When he saw the policeman, he ran away.
Seeing the policeman, he ran away.
Because the book is written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.
Being written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.
在分詞構句中，過去分詞前的"Being"可省略，所以第二個句子也可以寫成：
Written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.
分詞構句也可以保留從屬連接詞，使語意更明確。
Before going to the party, she spent 2 hours dressing herself up.
When asked if he would come back, he didn't say anything.
在"being"被省略的情況下，我們可能會看到以V-ing或過去分詞(p.p.)開頭的簡單分詞構句，
要判斷究竟是V-ing或過去分詞(p.p.)，要以主要子句的主詞來判斷，
________ on the street, I met an old friend. (walking, walked) P.S. I walked
________ from the mountain, Taipei looks beautiful at night. (seeing, seen) P.S. Taipei is seen
would like意為“想，想要”，與want意義相同，但語氣更委婉。
would like可與任何人稱連用，沒有人稱和數的變化，肯定句中would常在主語後面縮寫為’d。
A. 肯定句：主語 + would like …
B. 一般疑問句：Would + 主語 + like …?
C. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞 + would + 主語 + like …?
1. would like sth. “想要某物”。如：
Would you like a cup of tea?
Yes, please. / No, thanks.
2. would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。如：
Would you like to go shopping with me?
Yes, I’d like to. / I’d like to, but I have to do my homework.
3. would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。如：
Jim would like his friend to help him with his English.
Examples:
1. 我想要一些蘋果。
I would like some apples. (want)
2. 湯姆想打網球。
Tom would like to play tennis.
3. 我媽媽想讓我早點回家
My mother would like me to go home early.
相信大家對於 more + 形容詞/副詞 + than 的句型應該不陌生，這是對兩件事或兩個人的動作性質或性格本質等所做的比較。例如：
John is more pompous than Mike.
(約翰比麥可更自負)
Calvin writes more beautifully than any other person in his office.
(卡爾文寫的字比同辦公室的其他人都要好)
然而，如果比較的項目不是表示動作性質或性格本質的形容詞而是名詞，
那麼我們就要使用「more of a/an + 名詞 + than + 名詞」的句型。
事實上，這個句型與 more + 形容詞/副詞 + than 的句型可謂一體兩面，
因為 of + 名詞 = 形容詞 (除 of 外，英文中所有介系詞 + 名詞都等於副詞)。例如：
He is more of a fool than I thought. (他比我想像的更笨)
= He is more foolish than I thought.
雖然，more…than 的意思是「比…更」，但當 than 的後面是接另一個形容詞或副詞時，
它的意思就變成了「與其說是…還不如說是…」，而 more of a/an + 名詞 + than + 名詞就是這個意思。如：
Optimization is more of an art than a science.
= Optimization is more artistic than scientific.
(最佳化與其說是科學還不如說是藝術)
此外，我們也可使用 less…than 和 not so much…as 來表達相同的意思
，但第一個和第二個形容詞的位置要對調，以上句為例：
Optimization is more artistic than scientific.
= Optimization is less scientific than artistic.
= Optimization is not so much scientific as artistic.
茲將這四種句型整理如下：
More of a/an + 名詞1 + than + 名詞2
= more + 形容詞1 + than + 形容詞2
= less + 形容詞2 + than +形容詞1
= not so much + 形容詞2 + as + 形容詞1
(與其說是名詞2/形容詞2還不如說是名詞1/形容詞1)
我們平常有一些感受，或有某些感覺，英文會用feel表達，加上形容詞，訴說一種感受
我覺得很快樂: I feel happy.
以feel表達一種感受，不可以使用進行式
feel+like 表達個人感受
當你在做一些事，或想做一些事，沒有特別原因，卻有人問你為何這樣做，你可以用feel like來回
我只是想跑跑步: I just feel like running.
我想休息一下: I feel like having a break.
上面談的feel like是「我想」做這事，或者「我喜歡」做這事，後面的動詞是-ing格式的動名詞
在某些情況下，feel like合起來理解為「覺得好像」。作這個解釋時，後面必須使用名詞
我覺得自己像個傻瓜: I felt like a fool.
Picture是一個很普通的字，它的意思是圖畫，或者是照片。 Out of the picture按字面來講是某人不在那張照片裡。 可是，要是當out of the picture作為習慣用語的時候，它的意思就是：某人已經不在了，也就是：此人已經不再參與這項工程，或者退出這一行動了。 下面是一個公司的副經理在說話，他對總經理的退休感到十分高興：
例句-1 :Thank God the old man is out of the picture at last -- he should have retired ten years ago! Now we can make the changes we need to get the company a lot more business.
這個副經理說：“謝天謝地，這個老頭終於走了。其實他十年前就該退休了。現在，我們可以按我們的需要來作些改變，為公司招攬更多的生意。”
在美國，代溝也同樣存在，年老的傾向於守舊一些，而年輕的喜歡改革。 因此，在美國報紙上經常可以看到一些消息說，某公司資深年長的總裁或董事長被年輕人擠出最高領導層，被迫退休。
美國的年輕人非常喜歡獨立，到了一定年齡，他們就往往要從家裡搬出去住，這樣可以自由一些，不受家長的管教和限制。 下面就是一個年輕人在說他的感受：
例句-2:When I lived with my parents they had too many rules. These days I live by myself and can do as I please since they're now out of the picture. But I do miss them, so I visit them almost every weekend.
這個年輕人說：“我以前和我父母一起住的時候，他們有好多規矩。現在我一個人住了，我願意怎麼做就怎麼做，他們已經管不著了。但是，我很想他們,所以幾乎每星期都回去看望他們。”
be getting + 形容詞 漸漸變的
It's getting dark now,so let's go home.
We're getting ready to take off.
be afraid: (人 感到 害怕/恐懼/遺憾)
She was afraid that she might lose her job.
She was afraid to lose her job.
She was afraid of losing her job.
scare: (物/人 驚嚇到 物/人)
The thunder scared the children.
The watchdog scared away the thief.
The firecrackers scared the dog
be scared: (人 感到 害怕/恐懼/遺憾)
She was scared out of her wits.
The thief was scared at watchdog.
I am not scared of flying anymore.
how come 與why 都可以表達為什麼的意思 ，但語序是不同的。
how come後面是陳述句語序，沒有它也可單獨成句，why 後面是倒裝句型。don't 和be需提前。
eg1:
Why don't you live with mommy ?
How come you don't live with mommy?
eg2:
Why is our laptop broken?
How come our laptop is broken?
