trick的部落格

完成式分詞構句： Having + p.p…, S +V

與簡單分詞構句相同，在副詞子句的主詞與主要子句相同時，

可將副詞子句中的連接詞及主詞去掉，並將第一個動詞改為V-ing：

After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.

Having finished my homework, I went to bed. 

由於完成式的型態為"have + p.p."，因此只要將"have/has/had" 改為"having"即可。

而完成式分詞構句中以"having +p.p…."表示的動作，比主要子句中的動作早發生。

否定式分詞構句：Not V-ing …, S+V

Because she didn't know what to do, she asked her teacher for help.

Not knowing what to do, she asked her teacher for help.

否定詞not, never在分詞構句中，要置於分詞之前。

獨立分詞構句

在分詞構句中，若分詞構句的主詞和主要子句的主詞不一致時，

兩個子句的主詞都要保留，此稱為獨立分詞構句。

When the school was over, the students started to go home.

The school being over, the students started to go home.

If the weather permits, we will have a picnic tomorrow.

Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow.

Because he was absent, nothing could be done.

He being absent, nothing could be done.